Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.

Effects of physical activity on the mood states of young students / Efeitos da atividade física sobre os estados de humor de jovens estudantes

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of level of physical activity on perception of mood states among young students in the final grades of high school. The sample consisted of a total of 216 students, of both sexes, with an average age of 16.89±1.48 years. This cross-sectional research was characterized as descriptive and of a quantitative nature. For data collection, the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Normality was verified through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Subsequently, inferential statistics for non-parametric data were applied, with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Post-Hoc tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to check the relationship between level of physical activity and mood states. Significance was set at p<0.05. From the results, we found that the perception of mood states reported by young students had significant differences when we consider this population's level of physical activity. Young individuals classified as physically inactive reported a lower level of vigor, as well as a greater predisposition to negative mood aspects compared to physically active ones. In this case, physical activity can contribute to a better perception of psychological health.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o efeito do nível de atividade física na percepção dos estados de humor em jovens estudantes das séries finais do Ensino Médio. A amostra foi constituída por um total de 216 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com uma idade média de 16,89 ±1,48 anos. Esta pesquisa de caráter transversal se caracterizou como descritiva e de aspecto quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) e o Questionário de Atividades Físicas Habituais. A verificação da normalidade foi realizada através do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Posteriormente aplicou-se a estatística inferencial para dados não paramétricos, com os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Post-Hoc de Dunn. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar a relação entre o nível de atividade física e os estados de humor. A significância adotada foi de p<0,05. A partir dos resultados verificamos que a percepção dos estados de humor relatadas por jovens escolares possuem diferenças significativas quando consideramos o nível de atividade física dessa população. Jovens classificados como inativos fisicamente relataram um menor nível de vigor bem como uma maior predisposição aos aspectos negativos de humor quando comparado aos jovens ativos fisicamente. Nesse caso, a atividade física pode contribuir para uma melhor percepção da saúde psicológica.

Prevalence of burnout syndrome and perception by playing position in professional football players

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the indicators of burnout, to determine whether playing position affects the perception of syndrome dimensions, and to identify burnout prevalence in professional football players. Methods: The participants were 100 professional football players (mean age 24.3 ± 4.6 years and meantime as a professional athlete of 9.2 ± 4.5 years) who were divided into three groups: 27 forwards, 34 midfielders, and 39 defenders. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. Results: The results show that a) the majority of athletes had low burnout indicators, b) there was no difference in the perception of burnout dimensions by playing position, and c) the prevalence of athletes with burnout, whether mild, moderate, or severe, was 13%. Conclusion: The variable of playing position was not a determinant of perception of burnout dimensions among the forwards, midfielders, and defenders. Nonetheless, the prevalence of burnout deserves attention, as the negative effects of this syndrome may exert impacts on health, well-being, and sports performance, making athletes more likely to abandon their sport.